Cylinder for internal-combustion engines



A. H. R. F EDDEN AND L. F. G. BUTLER. CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1. I920.

1,398,349, PatentedNov. 29, 1.921,-

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CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' APPLICATION l 'ILED Nov. 1, 1920.

1,398,849,, Patented Nov. 29, 1921,

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ALFRED HUBERT RoY FEIDDEN AND LEONARD FREDERICK GEORGE BUTLER, or

BRISTOL, ENGLAND, AssreNoRs TO THE BRISTOL AEROPLANE COMPANY LIM- ITED, or BRISTOL, eLoUcRsTRR COUNTY, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 29', 1921.

Application filed November 1, 1920. Serial No. 421,134.

relating to cylinders for internal combustion engines, and has for its object to provide a construction which is particularly suited for small and lightair-cooled engines such as are used on light motor vehicles. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not restricted tosuch engines.

According to this invention a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine comprises a cylindrical portion adapted to 'inclose the open end of the'cylinders spigoted in it, and to be secured thereto, and an end wall formed with hoods to constitute the inlet and exhaust passages and reinforced by external webs normal to the outer surface of the wall and extending across it. These external webs are utilized as cooling fins.

Preferably the cylindrical portion above mentioned is also formed with cooling fins extending around it in planes transverse to the longitudinal axis of this cylinder. Preferably also the fins on the end wall of the cylinder head are arranged at right angles to the side walls of the hoods above mentioned, so that this end-wall is stiffened in two directions at right angles to one another.

According to another feature of the invention the valve seats are carried by the cylinder head preferably being cast in and the valve-operating levers are mounted in brackets or lugs which may be also formed integrally with or secured on the cylinder head. i p

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate a specific embodiment of-this invention,

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the cylinderhead on line 11 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the cylinder; 7 I I V Fig. '3 is a side-elevation ofthe head, looking in the direction of the arrow 3 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an end view of the cylinder look ing on the bottom of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a plan of the cylinder looking on the top in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 7 is a view looking on the bottom of o the cylinder head of Fig.1. 7

Like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the cylinder'head is preferably an aluminium casting, having a cylindrical portion 10, and a flat end-wall 11. This head is preferably machined all over inside and at the open end of the cylindrical part is provided with a machined recess l2 Whichfits over the end of the cylinder. The cylindrical portion 10 is provided with cooling-fins 13, extending laterally from it transverse to its axis- The end wall 11 has cast integrally with it on its outer or upper side, hoods or pipe-like portions 14, 15 serving as the inlet and exhaust passages respectively. These hoods are disposed sym metrically on the valve head, so that their center-lines lie on the same diameter of the head, and the openends 16, 17. face in opposite directions away from one another along angles to the diameter whereon the two hoods aforesaid are situated. These fins are normal to and upstanding from the surface of the head. It will be seen that the hoods 14, 15 being cast integrally with the flat end-wall 11, stiffen it against bending about a line nor.

mal to the diameter on which the two hoods are situated; similarly, the cooling fins 18 which lie at right-angles to the hoods, and their side walls, stilien the end-wall 11 against bending about the diameter on which the hoods lie, or a line parallel thereto. The

whole head is therefore adequately rein- I forced.

Suitable bosses are formed on the head to receive bolts wher b th head is'secur d t the cylinder body. The pair of bosses 19, 20 extend through and are integral with the fins 13, and terminate at the uppermost of these tins, the bolt holes in these bosses being indicated at 21, 22, in Fig. The other bosses are conveniently situated beside the hoods, and are formed integrally withthe side walls thereof. Thus the bosses .43, 24 lie one on each side 01. the inlet hood 14, and the bosses 25, 26 are similarly formed integrally with the exhaust hood. It is convenient when the bosses are thus formed integrally with the hoods that they should be of a greater depth, in order that the nuts when seated on the bosses may be accessible. This greater depth is most clearly shown in Fig.3.

Provision is made for the sparking plug of the cylinder by an aperture 27;, bored and tapped to receive the plug, and this aperture is so situated as to bring the plugclose to the inlet port on the cylinder.

The inner ends of the two hoods 14, 15 constitute the inlet and exhaust ports respectively for the cylinder, as shown at 28, 29, in Figs. 1 and 7.; The valve seats, are constituted by rings 30,31, which are cast in position on the head, being provided with flanges 32, 33 respectively, which are notched, and formed in any. convenient manner to interlock with the casting. The flanges aforesaid are cut away at the parts 34, 35 for the valve seats which are closest to one another, that is to say, at the middle of the cylinder, so as to provide for an adequate thickness of metal at the part 36 of the end-wall 11 between the two valve ports. In this way, the maximum diameter of the inlet and exhaust port openings can be used without weakening the head.

The valve stems extend upward through suitably positioned openings 37, 38 in the upper wall of the hoods14, 15 respectively, and are operated by any desired type of over-head valve mechanism. here valveoperating levers are used, they'are mounted in brackets 39, 40, 41 (see Fig. 4) these brackets being constituted by certain of the cooling fins 18 being extended upward as shown in Fig. 3. To insure that these brackets are of adequate strength, the three fins which are used are made somewhat thicker than the other fins, and they are connected together near their upper end by a bridge-piece 42, as shown in Fig. 3. The upper ends of the brackets are thickened up, as will be seen in Fig. 4, and bored to receive a spindle which carries the operating levers r for the inlet and exhaust valves respectively.

The cylinder with which the head hereinbeforedescribed is used, is illustrated in Figs. 2, 5 and 6. In the case of an engine for a light motor vehicle, the cylinder 43 is conveniently made of cast iron, and is open at both ends. v At its up er end it is machined,

as at 44, to fit closely within the recessed portion 12 of the cylinder head, and it is securedv thereto by bolts passing through the bosses aforesaid on the cylinder head and through suitably spaced holes 45 which are provided inbosses 46 around the cylinder. The cylinder 43 isprovided with radially extending cooling-fins 47, similarto the fins 13 on the head aforesaid, and the bosses 46 are conveniently formed by a thickening up of the first two fins'of the cylinder.

Near its lower end the cylinder is provided withan external flange 48, having bolt holes 49, or other convenient means whereby it may be secured to a crank case, and preferably the outside ofthe cylinder is machined at its lower end 50 so that it spigots' into the crank case a Referring to Fig. 5, it will beseen that the cooling fins 47 are recessed at 51' topermit the insertion of bolts in the holes 49 afore- It may be observedin regardto the spigoting of the cylinder-barrel in the head that it is essential that the male-portion of the spigot should be of a fair depth to prevent the explosion flame from destroying thejoint between the barrel and head; It is possible to use the cylinder of the construction illussizes, it is necessary to use studs, and these are secured in the cylinder-head. This necessitates increasing'the clearance between the bosses 46 on the cylinder-barrel and the next lower cooling-fin so as to permitthe in sertion of the nuts, but otherwise the general arrangement is the same.

When cast cylinder-barrels areused, the bosses are, cast inposition as shown in Fig. 6,;but for steel cylinders it is preferred to provide the necessary metal for the bosses all around the cylinder and to machine it Eway between the bosses to form the coolingv 7 What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters .Patent' is:

1. A working cylinder forinternal combustion engine comprising in combination a cylinder head, an open-ended cylinder spigoted therein,cooling fins upon said head extending radiallyin planes 'transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, the afore-. said head formed with oppositely directed hoods of the cylinder, which hoods constitute the inlet and exhaust passages, external cooling fins extending normally from the outer surface of the end wall parallel; with one another and substantially at right angles to the upstanding side walls, and brackets to support the valve operating mechanism, which brackets are constituted by extensions of the cooling fins on the end wall of the cylinder head.

2. A working cylinder for an internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder-head, an open-ended cylinder spigoted therein, cooling fins upon said head extending radially in planes transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, the aforesaid head formed with two hoods on the same diameter of the cylinder, which hoods constitute the inlet and exhaust passages, external cooling fins extending normally from the outer surface of the end wall parallel with one another and at right angles to the line whereon the said hoods are situated, and brackets to support the valve-operating mechanism, whichbrackets are constituted by extensions of the cooling fins on the end wall of the cylinder head.

In testimony whereof we havesigned our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses:

R. D. PEARCE, H. M. VINCENT. 

